If you or a loved one struggles with difficulty swallowing, known medically as dysphagia, you're not alone—up to 20% of people will experience it at some point. Dysphagia, derived from the Greek words dys (difficulty) and phagia (to eat), refers to the sensation of trouble or delay in the passage of food, liquids, or medications from the mouth to the stomach. While unsettling, it’s essential to consult a gastroenterologist promptly for proper evaluation and care.

What Is Esophageal Dysphagia?

Dysphagia can be categorized into two main types:

1. Oropharyngeal Dysphagia: Difficulty originates in the mouth and throat structures.

2. Esophageal Dysphagia: This issue stems from the esophagus, the muscular tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach.

Esophageal dysphagia often reflects an underlying condition rather than being a standalone issue. Let’s explore its symptoms, causes, and how it’s diagnosed and treated.

Symptoms of Esophageal Dysphagia

Symptoms vary in severity and may include:

• Difficulty Swallowing: Feeling as though food or liquids are stuck in the throat or chest.

• Pain or Discomfort: A sensation of pressure or pain in the chest, sometimes mistaken for heartburn.

• Regurgitation: Food or liquids may come back into the mouth, causing sour taste or heartburn.

• Coughing or Choking: This may occur while eating or drinking, sometimes linked to aspiration.

• Unintentional Weight Loss: Difficulty eating can result in reduced calorie intake.

Common Causes of Esophageal Dysphagia

Several conditions can lead to esophageal dysphagia, including:

• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Persistent acid reflux damages the esophagus.

• Esophageal Blockages: Narrowing caused by inflammation, strictures, or tumors.

• Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Allergic inflammation of the esophagus leading to strictures or scarring.

• Esophageal Motility Disorders: Abnormal muscle contractions or spasms, including achalasia.

• Scleroderma: An autoimmune condition affecting esophageal muscles.

• Infections: Conditions like Candida or herpes can inflame the esophagus.

Diagnosing Esophageal Dysphagia

To determine the cause of dysphagia, a gastroenterologist may perform:

1. Medical History Review: Understanding symptoms and their progression.

2. Physical Examination: Identifying visible signs or underlying clues.

3. Upper Endoscopy: A sedated procedure using a flexible tube with a camera to examine the esophagus and collect biopsies if needed.

4. Barium Swallow Study: Imaging to assess structural issues.

5. Esophageal Manometry: Evaluates esophageal muscle function by measuring contractions during swallowing.

Treatment Options for Esophageal Dysphagia

Treatment depends on the cause and may include:

• Dilation: Stretching narrowed areas of the esophagus using specialized tools.

• Medications: Acid reducers for GERD, antibiotics for infections, or anti-inflammatory drugs for conditions like eosinophilic esophagitis.

• Surgery or Nonsurgical Procedures: Addressing structural issues or severe conditions like achalasia.

Why Prompt Evaluation Matters

Dysphagia is more than just an inconvenience—it’s a symptom of potentially serious underlying conditions. If you’re experiencing swallowing difficulties, seek help from a gastroenterologist to restore your comfort and quality of life.

Best Gastroenterologist in Bowie

Bowie Internal Medicine is committed to treating any conditions you may have, as well as preventing further health complications through preventative care. For more information about treating polyps, please contact our office to schedule an appointment or ask any questions.