6 Types of Polyps and What to Do Next

When talking about polyps, your first thoughts might be growths within your colon. While this is indeed a prevalent location for polyp occurrence, it's not the sole possibility. Upon receiving the news from your doctor about having polyps, you might come to the realization that your understanding of them is limited. Polyps are minor developments of tissue, typically measuring less than half an inch in width. Their appearance can resemble small protrusions or stalks. While polyps are not inherently cancerous, they do exhibit abnormal growth, driven by rapid cell division similar to the process seen in cancer growth. There exists a possibility that over the course of years, they could transform into cancer. This is precisely why medical professionals frequently advise their removal.

Colon Polyps

Oftentimes, symptoms of colon polyps go unnoticed. In more progressed cases, symptoms could include experiences like diarrhea, constipation, abdominal discomfort, or the presence of blood in your stool. Typically, it's during a colonoscopy that healthcare professionals identify colon (large intestine) polyps. These polyps are then safely extracted in the same procedure, while you're under anesthesia.

In the event that your doctor detects one or two minor polyps (measuring less than a quarter inch in diameter), your susceptibility to colon cancer is likely to be categorized as low risk. Consequently, you might not necessitate another colonoscopy for a span of five years or potentially longer. Certain individuals who possess colon polyps could be dealing with Lynch syndrome, a hereditary condition that heightens the likelihood of colorectal and various other forms of cancer. It's important to note that those with Lynch syndrome do not typically produce a greater number of polyps compared to others; however, these polyps tend to manifest at an earlier age.

Stomach Polyps (Gastric Polyps)

Stomach polyps are pretty rare. If present, you might experience symptoms like nausea, vomiting, or discomfort. (It's worth noting that these symptoms can be associated with various health issues.) The prevalent type among stomach polyps, known as hyperplastic polyps, is generally non-malignant and rarely transforms into cancer.

Those who are at higher risk for developing stomach polyps include:

• Older people

• People with stomach inflammation

• People who regularly use proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) such as Nexium and Prilosec to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

• People who have had a bacterial stomach infection caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)

• Familial adenomatous polyposis. This rare syndrome increases the likelihood of developing stomach polyps and colon cancer.

If your doctor suspects stomach polyps, they may recommend an upper endoscopy. They may also take a tissue sample to send to a lab for evaluation.

Uterine Polyps

Vaginal bleeding, irregular menstrual cycles, or fertility issues might find their origins in uterine polyps. The development of these polyps could be linked to elevated estrogen levels, and they are more commonly observed in older women and those with obesity. They are also referred to as endometrial polyps.

Uterine polyps exhibit a variety of shapes, ranging from round to oval, and their sizes span from a few millimeters—similar to a sesame seed—to several centimeters or even larger, resembling a golf ball.

For diagnosing uterine polyps, your medical professional will likely employ techniques such as ultrasound (transvaginal ultrasound) or hysteroscopy to inspect your uterine interior. An endometrial biopsy might also be recommended. In certain cases, these polyps can be monitored without immediate treatment. Alternatively, medication might be prescribed to shrink the polyps, while surgery remains an option for removal.

Around 5% of uterine polyps exhibit cancerous characteristics. The likelihood of a polyp being cancerous is higher in postmenopausal women or those encountering abnormal bleeding. Occasionally, a benign polyp might closely resemble uterine cancer (endometrial sarcomas) or precancerous conditions (endometrial hyperplasia)

Cervical Polyps

Cervical polyps often remain asymptomatic, yet you might observe unusually heavy menstrual bleeding, bleeding following sexual activity, or vaginal discharge. These polyps can emerge due to elevated estrogen levels or an infected or inflamed cervix. They are commonly detected in premenopausal women, those who have experienced pregnancies, and individuals with sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Throat Polyps

The gradual onset of hoarseness could be indicative of throat polyps, alternatively referred to as vocal cord nodules. These polyps can form due to factors like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), smoking, or vocal cord strain from extended talking, singing, or shouting. Such polyps can potentially respond to voice therapy and lifestyle adjustments, although in some instances, surgical removal might be necessary.

Nasal Polyps

The indications of nasal polyps closely resemble the symptoms of a common cold. These might include a runny nose, nasal congestion, nasal discomfort, and a reduced sense of smell. These polyps can arise following an allergic response or an infection. Individuals with allergies, asthma, cystic fibrosis (CF), or chronic sinusitis are at a heightened risk of developing nasal polyps.

Treating Polyps in Maryland

Polyps are prevalent formations that can emerge in various regions within your body. Frequently, these growths are non-malignant. Bowie Internal Medicine is committed to treating any conditions you may have, as well as preventing further health complications through preventative care. For more information about treating polyps, please contact our office to schedule an appointment or ask any questions.