Common Stomach and GI Issues With Diabetes
Though not widely known, both type 1 and type 2 diabetes (conditions linked to high blood sugar levels) can lead to complications in the stomach and intestines. This can be due to nerve damage from prolonged high blood sugar.
Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms can range from acid reflux to diarrhea and constipation. Digestive issues can impact daily activities, so prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential for maintaining a productive lifestyle.
This article discusses potential diabetes-related GI complications, their symptoms, and treatment options.
Common Digestive Issues in Diabetes
Higher blood sugar can impact many body systems, including the GI tract, causing several digestive conditions common among those with diabetes:
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
People with diabetes may be more prone to GERD, which includes symptoms like bad breath, chest pain, heartburn, and nausea. GERD occurs when the valve (LES) at the base of the esophagus fails to function properly, allowing stomach acid to flow back up. It may be worsened by conditions like gastroparesis, where food moves more slowly through the stomach, increasing pressure on the LES.
Gastroparesis
People with diabetes are at higher risk for gastroparesis, especially women. Symptoms include abdominal discomfort and feeling full quickly. This may result from nerve damage (autonomic neuropathy) due to high blood sugar over time, impacting various body functions, including stomach emptying.
Diabetic Enteropathy
Diabetes-related nerve damage, or neuropathy, can extend to internal organs, including the intestines. Symptoms may include constipation, abdominal pain, and urgency. Neuropathy often develops with long-term diabetes or uncontrolled glucose levels.
Constipation: Affects up to 60% of people with long-term diabetes due to nerve damage in the colon, resulting in harder stools.
Diarrhea: Up to 20% of people with diabetic enteropathy may experience nighttime diarrhea.
Fecal Incontinence: Involves loss of bowel control, possibly due to weakened rectal muscles and rapid blood sugar fluctuations, which can lead to psychological stress and social limitations.
Abdominal Pain
Abdominal discomfort affects up to 60% of those with diabetes, often linked to conditions like GERD and gastroparesis.
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)
SIBO, common in people with diabetes, results from an imbalance of bacteria in the small intestine, causing symptoms like bloating and diarrhea.
Understanding these complications and seeking treatment can help manage digestive health in diabetes, supporting a better quality of life.
Diabetes and GI Issues in Maryland
Bowie Internal Medicine is committed to treating any digestive or gastroenterology issues you may have and preventing further health complications through preventative care. For more information about treating polyps, please contact our office to schedule an appointment or ask any questions.