Is Chronic Acid Reflux Just Heartburn? Understand the Risk of Esophageal Cancer.
Heartburn, a common symptom of acid reflux, is usually just an annoyance. But when it persists despite medication and lifestyle changes, it could signal something far more serious—esophageal cancer.
What is Esophageal Cancer?
The esophagus is the tube that connects your throat to your stomach. Cancer develops when abnormal cells in its lining grow uncontrollably. According to the National Cancer Institute, over 22,000 people in the U.S. will be diagnosed with esophageal cancer in 2024, with more than 16,000 deaths expected.
When caught early, esophageal cancer is treatable. However, early detection is challenging because symptoms often don’t appear until the disease has advanced. The five-year survival rate for esophageal cancer is just 21.6%, underscoring the importance of awareness and proactive healthcare.
Warning Signs of Esophageal Cancer
Although esophageal cancer may develop without early symptoms, warning signs can include:
Persistent heartburn or indigestion
Unexplained weight loss
Hoarseness
Chest pain
Chronic cough
Occasional heartburn isn’t typically dangerous, but long-term acid reflux (GERD) can cause inflammation and cellular changes that increase cancer risk.
Understanding Your Risk
Esophageal cancer develops over time, often due to a combination of personal and lifestyle factors. Understanding your family history, diet, and habits like smoking or drinking can help assess your risk. Medical professionals, including gastroenterologists and oncologists, work together to evaluate and minimize your likelihood of developing this disease.
Two Main Types of Esophageal Cancer
Adenocarcinoma – The most common type in the U.S., found primarily in the lower esophagus. Risk factors include:
Chronic acid reflux (GERD)
Barrett’s esophagus
Obesity
Smoking and heavy alcohol use
Squamous Cell Carcinoma – More common in other parts of the world, this type typically develops in the upper and middle esophagus.
Steps to Reduce Your Risk
You can take proactive measures to lower your chances of developing esophageal cancer:
Quit tobacco – Smoking and chewing tobacco significantly increase cancer risk.
Limit alcohol – Excessive drinking, especially combined with smoking, raises your risk.
Maintain a healthy weight – Obesity is a known risk factor, particularly for adenocarcinoma.
Eat a balanced diet – A diet rich in vegetables and fruits, especially dark green or yellow varieties, may help reduce risk.
Stay active – Regular exercise has been linked to a lower risk of adenocarcinoma.
Monitor acid reflux – If you have persistent reflux lasting more than two weeks, consult a doctor.
Early Detection and Diagnosis
If you have chronic reflux or other symptoms, your doctor may recommend an endoscopy, a minimally invasive procedure that uses a small camera to examine the esophagus. If needed, a biopsy can be performed to test for cancerous changes.
Treatment Options
Because esophageal cancer is often detected in later stages, treatment can be complex. A combination of therapies may be used, including:
Surgery – Often required to remove part of the esophagus
Chemotherapy & Radiation – Used to shrink tumors before surgery or manage advanced cases
Immunotherapy – Newer treatments, such as tislelizumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab, help the immune system fight cancer cells
Take Action for Your Health
If you experience persistent reflux, difficulty swallowing, or other symptoms, don’t ignore them. Consult a healthcare provider to assess your risk and discuss preventive measures.
Esophageal cancer is a serious disease, but early detection and proactive health choices can make all the difference.
Esophageal Cancer Treatment in Maryland
Bowie Internal Medicine is committed to treating any conditions you may have, as well as preventing further health complications through preventative care. For more information, please contact our office to schedule an appointment or ask any questions.