Seasonal Affective Disorder: More Than Just the Winter Blues
As the days shorten and the holiday season approaches, many individuals undergo shifts in mood or energy levels. Typically, these alterations are minor and are resolved independently. However, in certain cases, they may indicate a more significant condition known as seasonal affective disorder (SAD).
What are the Symptoms of Winter Depression vs. Summer Depression?
Winter and summer SAD tend to have opposite symptoms. People with winter depression may experience the following:
Sad mood
Increased appetite, especially for carbohydrates and sugars
Lack of interest in doing things you normally like to do
Low energy
Sleeping more than usual
Weight gain
Symptoms of summer depression include:
Difficulty sleeping
Irritability
Loss of appetite
Restlessness and anxiety
Weight loss
The symptoms of SAD can vary widely in severity. When severe, symptoms may affect your ability to function or include thoughts of suicide.
Who is at Risk for Seasonal Affective Disorder?
People with mental health conditions may be more likely to experience SAD. If you have been diagnosed with clinical depression, your symptoms may be worse.
Other mental health conditions associated with SAD include:
Alcoholism
Anxiety
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Bipolar disorder
Eating disorders
Panic disorder
Other factors may increase your risk of SAD, such as:
Age of 18 to 30
Female gender
Having a family history of seasonal affective disorder
Living in a northern latitude
How Common is Seasonal Affective Disorder?
Determining the commonality of SAD is difficult given that individuals often do not seek care. Research indicates that winter seasonal affective disorder affects a range of 1% to 10% of individuals in the United States, while summer seasonal affective disorder is considerably less prevalent.
What are the Treatments for Seasonal Affective Disorder?
Treatment options are similar for both winter and summer SAD. For seasonal affective disorder, treatments include:
SAD Light Therapy (Phototherapy):
In cases of winter SAD, light therapy mimicking sunlight exposure is recommended. This involves sitting in front of a special SAD lamp for 30-60 minutes daily, starting around 7 am, for one to two weeks.
If symptoms persist, evening light therapy for up to 60 minutes per day for eight weeks may be added. Dawn-simulating lights that gradually illuminate before waking are also available.
For summer SAD, treatment may involve restricting daylight exposure to no more than 13 hours per day. Dr. ELRamahi suggests maintaining a cool environment, especially at night.
Antidepressant Therapy for SAD:
Antidepressants play a crucial role in stabilizing neurotransmitter levels and regulating circadian rhythms for SAD. Dr. ELRamahi emphasizes that careful monitoring for side effects is essential during the 2 to 6 weeks it takes for full effectiveness.
If concerning symptoms or thoughts of suicide arise, it is crucial to inform your doctor. As symptoms wane with the changing season, tapering off antidepressants may be recommended.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for SAD:
CBT, a psychological treatment focusing on problem-solving and overcoming challenges, is recommended by studies as effective as light therapy. If suggested by your doctor, you will be referred to a therapist.
Lifestyle Changes to Improve SAD:
Exercise and proper nutrition are highlighted as beneficial for mood improvement and stress reduction in SAD.
Increasing physical activity and adopting a healthier diet can contribute to alleviating symptoms associated with SAD.
Treating Seasonal Affective Disorder in Maryland
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